取卵是輔助生殖的一個重要環節，取卵前先使用藥物刺激患者卵巢，利用超聲監測卵泡發育至成熟。經陰道超聲儀引導，通過取卵針經陰道取卵。由于陰道內超聲波吸入術是一種小手術，有些醫生為了讓患者節約費用只使用止痛藥而不使用麻醉。一般取卵時間在30分鐘內，患者取卵后有輕微的疼痛和少量的出血。為了評估不同的取卵針對患者取卵的疼痛和出血的影響，做了如下研究：
The Effect of a Newly Designed Needle on the Pain and Bleeding of Patients During Oocyte Retrieval of a Single FollicleKoji Nakagawa 1*, Yayoi Nishi 1, Masayo Kaneyama 1,Rie Sugiyama 2, Hiroshi Motoyama 2,Rikikazu Sugiyama 11- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Sugiyama Clinic, Tokyo, Japan2- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Endoscopy, Sugiyama Clinic Marunouchi,Tokyo, JapanBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of needle type on pain and bleeding during oocyte pick-up (OPU).Methods: From May through November 2013, patients undergoing OPU from a single follicle without any analgesic treatment were including this study. Eligible patients (n=75) were randomized1:1 to undergo the procedure with either a reduced needle (17 gauge body, 20 gauge tip; RN group) or a standard needle (19 gauge; SN group). Overall pain was assessed by patients using a visual analogue scale (VAS),and vaginal bleeding after the procedure was recorded. Fisher exact, t-test or Wilcoxon test were used, and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The percentage of mature oocytes was 86.5% in the RN group and 91.7% in the SN group. Pain during OPU was significantly lower in the RN group than in the SN group(mean VAS score±SD: 3.2±2.0 cm vs. 4.9±2.2 cm, p<0.01; mean±SD).The frequency of vaginal bleeding was also significantly lower in the SN group(26.3% vs.48.6%; p<0.05). The frequency of bleeding in the RN group was also significantly lower than that in the SN group (26.3% vs. 48.6%; p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to fertilization and pregnancy rates.Conclusion: The newly designed needle significantly reduced pain and vaginal bleeding associated with single-follicle OPU in patients receiving no analgesic treatment, in comparison with a standard needle. The RN had no adverse effect on the quality of retrieved oocytes .摘要：本研究的目的是評估針頭類型對取卵（OPU）期間疼痛和出血的影響。2013年5月至2013年11月，研究對象為，接受單卵泡獲取且未進行任何鎮痛治療的患者。符合條件的患者（n = 75）按1：1的比例隨機接受新型減徑針（17G針身，20G針頭；RN組）或標準針（19G針；SN組）進行手術?；颊呤褂靡曈X模擬量表（VAS）評估總體疼痛，并記錄手術后的陰道出血情況。采用Fisher精確檢驗，t檢驗或Wilcoxon檢驗，p <0.05被認為具有統計學意義。結果發現RN組成熟卵母細胞百分比為86.5％，SN組為91.7％。RN組的取卵期間疼痛明顯低于SN組(mean VAS score±SD: 3.2±2.0 cm vs. 4.9±2.2 cm, p<0.01;mean±SD)。RN組的陰道出血頻率顯著低于SN組（26.3％vs 48.6％；p <0.05），RN組的出血頻率也顯著低于SN組（26.3％vs 48.6％；p <0.05）。兩組之間在受精率和妊娠率方面沒有發現顯著差異。由此得出結論，與標準針頭（19G針；SN組）相比，新型取卵針（17G針身，20G針頭）在未使用止痛藥的患者中顯著減少了單卵泡獲取過程中的疼痛和陰道出血。新型取卵針（RN組）對獲取的卵母細胞的質量沒有不利影響。
